1.  What are the five processes of speech?

2.  Define Dysarthria.  Define apraxia of speech.

3.  Finish the statements: Apraxia of speech is nearly always associated with damage____________.  Disarthria can be caused by damage to ________.

4.  Damage to the respiratory system means what in terms of speech?
 a.  speaking in short phrases,
 b.  reducing loudness
 c.  breathy voice quality
5. Damage to the adductor muscles of the VF can have several effects on speech production what are they?
 a.  Flaccid dysarthria: adduction is weak or incomplete: breathy or harsh quality
 b.  Spastic: adduction is too tight: phonation is strangled
 c.  May reduce the ability to change pitch/loudness
6.  Damage to the nerves that innervate the velar muscles cause________ because
the muscles are ______ and _______.
7.  Articulators need appropriate _________, __________, _________, ________,
and _________ for precise speech production.  Timing direction force, speed, and placement.
8.  What are the types of errors that can be heard when there is neuromotor damage to the articulators?
 Imprecise consonants, distorted vowels, inappropriate silences, and irregular articulatory breakdowns.
9.  How is stress (prosody) accomplished?  Changing pitch, loudness, and duration of syllables.
10.  What is intonation?  The use of pitch changes and stress to communicate (sentences, questions, exclamation)
1l. How does neuromotor damage affect prosody?  Damage can cause weakness or slowness in muscles of respiration, and phonation, resulting in limiting the strength and timing of their contractions.  Speech may have a monopitch and monoloud quality. If damage causes involuntary movements of the vocal tract muscles, involuntary movements will interfere with voluntary speech movements resulting in irregular pitch variations, sudden increases or decreases in loudness and prolonged intervals between syllables or words.

12.  What motor aspects should a clinician assess when conducting a motor speech examination and how are they assessed?
Muscle strength: press tongue against the blade, count to 100 (stress testing)
speed of movement:  AMR and SMR (diadochokenetic rates)
range of motion:  extend or hold the articulators in various positions.
accuracy of movement:  (strength, speed, range, directions and timing are precisely  coordinated)  distorted consonant or intermittently hypernasal) AMR, SMR,  conversational speech or reading
 motor steadiness: (tremor)  hold a position or prolong a vowel
 muscle tone:  can be inferred by listening to the speech or by looking at the body parts for increased/decreased muscle tone.

13.  What information should be obtained from the medical records? (p. 25)
14.  What does a slow development of the problem indicate?  A rapid onset?
15.  What is the clinician looking for when examining the face and Jaw muscles at rest and during movement?  We are examining the functioning of what nerves in examining the face and jaw muscles?  Facial (Vii), and Trigeminal (V) (jaw)
16.  In performing the assessment know the tasks and what you are assessing or what the performance on each task will tell you?
 a.  Which disorder is associated with an expressionless, mask-like appearance?
 b.  What does it mean if there is no wrinkling of the forehead? Why?
17.  What kinds of tasks are given to test for oral apraxia? Verbal apraxia?  What are some of the characteristics you should see (under what conditions are they fluent? Not fluent)